ABSTRACT
Even though coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination has been done, preparedness for the possibility of the next outbreak wave is still needed with new mutations and virus variants. A near real-time surveillance system is required to provide the stakeholders, especially the public, to act in a timely response. Due to the hierarchical structure, epidemic reporting is usually slow particularly when passing jurisdictional borders. This condition could lead to time gaps for public awareness of new and emerging events of infectious diseases. Online news is a potential source for COVID-19 monitoring because it reports almost every infectious disease incident globally. However, the news does not report only about COVID-19 events, but also various information related to COVID-19 topics such as the economic impact, health tips, and others. We developed a framework for online news monitoring and applied sentence classification for news titles using deep learning to distinguish between COVID-19 events and non-event news. The classification results showed that the fine-tuned bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT) trained with Bahasa Indonesia achieved the highest performance (accuracy: 95.16%, precision: 94.71%, recall: 94.32%, F1-score: 94.51%). Interestingly, our framework was able to identify news that reports the new COVID strain from the United Kingdom (UK) as an event news, 13 days before the Indonesian officials closed the border for foreigners.
ABSTRACT
COVID-19 has induced many problems in various sectors of life for humanity around the world. After one year of pandemic, many studies have been carried out in exposing various technology innovations and applications to combat the coronavirus that has killed more people than most. The pandemic has accelerated the use of Big Data technology to mitigate the threats of COVID-19. This survey aims to explore the Big Data research for COVID-19. We collected and analyzed the relevant academic articles to identify how Big Data technology can cover the challenges faced in overcoming the pandemic. In determining the research areas addressed by the past studies, we highlight the technology contributions to five major areas of healthcare, social life, government policy, business and management, and the environment. We discuss how analytical techniques of machine learning, deep learning, statistics, and mathematics can solve pandemic issues. The Big Data research for COVID-19 used a wide variety of data sources available publicly or privately. At the end of the discussion, we present the data source used in the past studies encompassing government official data, institutional service data, IoT generated data, online media data, and open data. We hope that this survey will clarify the role of Big Data technology in enhancing the research for COVID-19.